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Contents
Homepage
BOSCAAR
General Hospitals
The Golden Jubilee Hospital
SWOT Analysis
SBEM Model
ESP-r Model
Financial Analysis
Future Strategies
The Group
Acknowledgements
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SWOT Analysis
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Strengths
- Most Efficient of the 3 types of Heat Pump
- Good Energy Efficiency, between 2 and 4.9 times the input energy produced
- Runs from electrical grid, does not require other resource supply
Weaknesses
- High Installation Costs
- Take up facility ground space
- Will not work in section of building with existing radiators
- Needs supplement to bring DHW to 60 degrees C
Opportunities
- There is spare ground on site that could be used
- Can be used with Air Conditioning System
Threats
- Gas costs are similar 3.5p / 4p per kW
- More developed technologies available
Water Source Heat Pumps
Strengths
- Relatively low installation costs
- Good Energy Efficiency, between 2 and 4.9 times the input energy produced
- Runs from electrical grid, does not require other resource supply
Weaknesses
- High Maintenance Costs?
- Requires damage protection
- Will not work in section of building with existing radiators
- Needs supplement to bring DHW to 60 degrees C.
Opportunities
- There is a river on site that could be used
- Can be used with Air Conditioning System
Threats
- May have trouble with river use due to environmental issues
- Gas costs are similar 3.5p / 4p per kW
- More developed technologies available
Air Source Heat Pumps
Strengths
- Low Installation Costs
- Good Energy Efficiency, between 2 and 4.9 times the input energy produced
- Runs from electrical grid, does not require other resource supply
Weaknesses
- Least Efficient of the 3 types of Heat Pump
- Will not work in section of building with existing radiators
- Needs supplement to bring DHW to 60 degrees C.
Opportunities
- Boiler room placement should give high efficiency
- Can be used with Air Conditioning System
Threats
Gas costs are similar 3.5p / 4p per kW
- More developed technologies available
Fuel cells
Strengths
- High efficiency (80% for CHP)
- Hot Module from CFC Solutions: 90%. Electrical efficiency: 47%
- Can be discreetly sited to fit within a building's design in either an interior mechanical room or outside
- Can provide electricity and heat hot water (CHP, heat at 400C for CFC Solution)
- Runs 24/7. Net metering to sell surplus to the grid.
- CFC HotModule: Low maintenance
Weaknesses
- Initial cost?
- Integration to the existing electrical and hydronic system?
- How does it behave on long term?
- UK contractor?
Opportunities
- can converts natural gas, propane, and eventually biofuels
- In case of grid interruption the system automatically switches to operate in a grid-independent mode
- Provide a significant net reduction in CO2 (30% for HotModule). No SO2 and no NOx (hot module from CFC Solutions)
- Incentives from the regulator???
- With an additional steam turbine electrical efficiency can be improved from 47% to 65% (hot module from CFC Solutions)
Threats
- Gas supplies are a finite resource. Global supplies of gas are reducing and current usage is unsustainable
- Gas is an unstable resource
- UK already net Importer
- Prices often fluctuate and this is controlled by eastern European countries / Russia
- Opposition from mature technologies
- Fuel Grants???
Standard Cladding Options
Strengths
- Passive Method of Improving Energy Demand
- Reduces Energy Usage � reduces the demand for fossil fuels etc
- Waterproofs the outer layer of the building
- No additional resource used after initial installation - Fixed Environmental Affect
Weaknesses
- Does not generate any energy
- Potential leaks in the cladding could result in water ingress
- Requires a large amount of material resource
- Plastic, metal or alternative cladding?
- High cost if the building surface area is large?
- Removing current cladding may leave areas of building exposed to weather conditions
Opportunities
- Can reduce the energy wastage
- Reduced heat loss so reduced heating requirement
- More reliable technology than all of the alternatives
- Modern cladding options available but no reliability issues generated by this
- Will modernise building�s exterior � aesthetic benefits
- Can assist with making other options more viable
- Example could be that a heat pump may meet all of the buildings heat requirements if combined with new cladding where as it may not meet the required needs with current cladding
Threats
- Does not remove the current requirement for Gas heating alone
- Removing current cladding may leave areas of building exposed to weather conditions whilst work is undertaken
- Current Cladding will be required to be disposed of in a suitable manner
- Air tightness improvements may make a slightly reduced level of impact but at a much reduced cost
Alternative Cladding Options (Liquid Plastic Coating)
Strengths
- Waterproof
- Can be easily patched and altered
- Can be used as cladding, pipework coating & protective layer
- Guarantee so maintenance proof for period
- Can be used as local cladding seal
Weaknesses
- Costly option for Cladding
- Plastic is not environmentally friendly material
- May not be perceived as an aesthetically pleasing material
Opportunities
- Option to act as cladding improvement on localised area and thus may be a reasonable priced option with limited work involved
- Could be used to make improvements to the piping network & guttering that normal cladding cant
- Reduced maintenance which could mean payback will be achieved despite the initial capital cost
- Could provide non-slip layer for the roof whilst acting as cladding & Waterproofing
Threats
- Could be costly option for full clad and could be deemed unnecessary if standard full clad option is undertaken
- May not be deemed a suitable option with regards to fire safety etc due to chemical plastic substance
- May be deemed an unsustainable option
CHP (Combined Heat & Power) with Natural Gas
Strengths
- CHP technology is technologically and economically proven
- Technology can be applied to all scales
- Greenhouse Gases are reduced
- Technology can be retrofit
- As an existing technology, it can start reducing carbon emissions today
weakness
- CHP markets are in an early stage of development in the UK
- The most efficient application is for district heating networks
Opportunities
- CHP can help deal with the waste, heat and energy needs of any country
- Biogas could be utilised in the future to further advance the enviornmental impact
Threats
- CHP has strong dependencie on Gas prices are are not particularly stable
- Natural Gas is a finite resource and as a result will not be a completly long term solution as more usage such as CHP will drive up costs
CHP with Biogas
Strengths
- AD & CHP technology is technologically and economically proven
- Technology can be applied to all scales
- Greenhouse Gases are reduced
- Technology can be retrofit
- Biogas can be used in duel-fuel engines with minimal modification
- As an existing technology, it can start reducing carbon emissions today
weakness
- AD & CHP markets are in an early stage of development in the UK
- The most efficient application is for district heating networks
- Biogas is explosive and needs to be stored carefully
- AD process can be quite slow at start up and shut down
- Biogas requires scrubbing treatments to make it a clean fuel
Opportunities
- AD & CHP can help deal with the waste, heat and energy needs of any country
- Biogas CHP can contribute toward the Part L RenewablesObligation
- Biogas CHP could enhance local community stewardship
- Increases in landfill tax will make AD more appealing
- Waste anaerobicallydigested can help towards landfill diversion targets
Threats
- Not part of the UK energy framework � potential for biogas CHP to be over looked
- Competing against a wide range of more well known and established technologies
- Public perceptions of energy from waste currently poor
- Potential public opposition to AD plants
- Waste processed by AD does not currently count towards local authority targets
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